1. _______ is a standard developed by ANSI for fiber-optic networks.
A) SONET
B) SDH
C) either (a) or (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)
2. _______ is a standard developed by ITU-T.
A) SONET
B) SDH
C) either (a) or (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)
3. SONET has defined a hierarchy of signals called ________.
A) STSs
B) STMs
C) either (a) or (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)
4. SDH has defined a hierarchy of signals called ________.
A) STSs
B) STMs
C) either (a) or (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)
5. An ______ signal is the optical modulation of an STS-n (or STM-n) signal.
A) OC-n
B) TDM-n
C) FDM-n
D) none of the above
6. SONET defines _______ layers.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
7. SONET is a _______ TDM system.
A) asynchronous
B) synchronous
C) statistical
D) none of the above
8. A SONET system can use _________.
A) STS multiplexers
B) regenerators
C) add/drop multiplexers
D) all of the above
9. SONET sends ________ frames per second
A) 1000
B) 2000
C) 4000
D) 8000
10. In SONET each frame lasts _______ microseconds.
A) 20
B) 64
C) 128
D) none of the above
11. An STS-1 frame is made of ________ rows
A) 1
B) 9
C) 90
D) none of the above
12. An STS-1 frame is made ______columns
A) 1
B) 9
C) 90
D) none of the above
13. An STS-3 frame is made of ______ rows.
A) 1
B) 9
C) 27
D) none of the above
14. An STS-3 frame is made of ________ columns.
A) 9
B) 90
C) 270
D) none of the above
15. SONET network topologies can be __________.
A) linear
B) ring
C) mesh
D) all of the above
16. A linear SONET network can be __________.
A) point-to-point
B) multipoint
C) either (a) or (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)
17. A ring SONET network can be _________.
A) unidirectional
B) bidirectional.
C) either (a) or (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)
18. To make SONET backward-compatible with the current hierarchy, its frame design includes a system of.
A) OCs
B) STMs
C) STSs
D) VTs
19. A ________ is a repeater.
A) regenerator
B) ADM
C) STS multiplexer/demultiplexer
D) none of the above
20. __________ allow insertion and extraction of signals.
A) regenerators
B) ADMs
C) STS multiplexer/demultiplexers
D) none of the above
21. A _______ is the optical link connecting two neighbor devices.
A) section
B) line
C) path
D) none of the above
22. A ______ is the portion of the network between two multiplexers.
A) section
B) line
C) path
D) none of the above
23. A ______is the end-to-end portion of the network between two STS multiplexers.
A) section
B) line
C) path
D) none of the above
24. The ______ layer is responsible for the movement of a signal from its optical source to its optical destination.
A) section
B) line
C) path
D) photonic
25. The ____ layer is responsible for the movement of a signal across a physical line.
A) section
B) line
C) path
D) photonic
26. The ______ layer is responsible for the movement of a signal across a physical section.
A) section
B) line
C) path
D) photonic
27. The _______ layer corresponds to the physical layer of the OSI model.
A) section
B) line
C) path
D) photonic
28. An STS multiplexer is a ______ device.
A) one-layer
B) two-layer
C) three-layer
D) four-layer
29. An add/drop multiplexer is a ______ device.
A) one-layer
B) two-layer
C) three-layer
D) four-layer
30. A regenerator is a ________ device.
A) one-layer
B) two-layer
C) three-layer
D) four-layer
31. In SONET, for each frame, the bytes are transmitted __________.
A) from left to the right, top to bottom
B) from right to the left, bottom to top
C) from left to the right, bottom to top
D) from right to the left, top to bottom
32. In SONET, for each byte, the bits are transmitted ____________.
A) from least significant to the most significant
B) from most significant to the least significant
C) two at a time
D) three at a time
33. Each ________in a SONET frame can carry a digitized voice channel.
A) bit
B) byte
C) frame
D) none of the above
34. The section overhead consists of ______octets.
A) 1
B) 6
C) 9
D) 18
35. Line overhead consists of ________ bytes.
A) 1
B) 6
C) 9
D) 18
36. The path overhead consists of ______ bytes.
A) 1
B) 6
C) 9
D) 18
37. In ________ APS, there are normally two lines: one working line and one protection line. Both lines are active all the time.
A) one-plus-one
B) one-to-one
C) one-to-many
D) none of the above
38. In ______ APS, there is one working line and one protection line. The data are normally sent on the working line until it fails.
A) one-plus-one
B) one-to-one
C) one-to-many
D) none of the above
39. In ________APS, there is only one protection line for many working lines. When a failure occurs in one of the working lines, the protection line takes control until the failed line is repaired.
A) one-plus-one
B) one-to-one
C) one-to-many
D) none of the above
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